Tuesday, April 28, 2015

Día de los Muertos - Mexico

Día de los Muertos celebrates the traditions of present-day Mexico and of pre-Columbian times; including the Aztecs, Mayans and Toltec’s.  The Aztecs, for example, held a month-long celebration of deceased loved ones each year, overseen by the goddess Mictecacihuatl (“Lady of the Dead”).




Ancient Aztec Celebration



Aztec Leader




Aztec Offering


In Mexico and among Mexican-Americans, November 1st is usually reserved for honoring the children who died (angelitos), while November 2nd is for honoring the adults who died.  


When families build altars (ofrendas) to the dead in their homes, they include offerings to represent earth, water, fire and wind.  The favorite foods of the deceased represent earth.  Water, traditionally placed in a clay pitcher or glass is for reflecting the belief that a returning spirit works up a thirst.  The candles and decoratively punched paper (papel picado) and marigolds would represent fire and wind. 


 


Ofrenda


The deceased’s favorite foods and drinks also become part of the picnic if a family chooses to celebrate by the graveside.  The hope is that the spirit of the beloved one will return for a short reunion.




Cemetery Decoration in Oaxaca, Mexico


Egg-based Day of the Dead bread (pan de muerto) is a staple food for the celebration.  It usually is sweet and made with anise.  The bread is baked in various shapes representing humans and animals.  Some loaves are decorated with extra pieces of dough that look like skulls and bones.  Sugar skulls are made with white sugar and decorated with glitter glue, icing, or colored with markers.  Other foods linked to the holiday include atole (a corn-based drink, sometimes with liquor), chocolate, and mole. 




Pan de Muerto



Atole



Sugar Skulls


As Day of the Dead candy skulls indicate, skeletons are a significant symbol of the holiday.  The role of the skeleton has both ancient and more recent roots.  In pre-Columbian times, representations of skulls and skeletons were shown on wall paintings and pottery.  They signified rebirth into the next stage of life.  In the early 20th century, Mexican political caricaturist Jose Guadalupe Posada received fame from imaginatively portraying the wealthy as somewhat narcissistic skeletons (“calaveras”) in fancy attire.  The most famous was Catrina, who wore a feathery hat and long dress and accompanied by Catrin, who wore a top hat and a tuxedo. 





Catrina/Catrina and Catrin

Day of the Dead celebrations are to acknowledge that death is an inescapable part of life.  Instead of fearing it, you should celebrate it!  You can even celebrate my favorite interpretation of my favorite holiday, Nightmare/Noche de Los Muertos!

  

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Return next week for another exciting blog on a holiday and related foods!


Work Cited

Turim, G. Day of the Dead Sweets and Treats. (2012, November 2). The History Channel. A&E Television Networks.  Retrieved April 13, 2015.